八年级上册英语句子
Module 1
1. 你何不把正确的拼写和语法写在出错的地方？
And why don’t you write down the correct spelling and grammar next to the mistakes?
2. 还有什么吗？
What else?
3. 许多人在讲英语时不好意思，所以，在开口前，深吸一口气，笑一笑。
Many people are shy when they speak English, so before you begin, take a deep peath and smile.
4. 微笑总能起作用的。
Smiling always helps.
5. 每天查看你的单词本是个好主意。
It’s a good idea to check your vocabulary notebook every day.
6. 用英语听收音机或读报纸如何呢？
How about listening to the radio or reading a newspaper in English?
7. 尽量不要翻译每个词。
Try not to translate every word.
8. 她可以帮助我做作业。
She can help me with my homework.
9. 许多学生征求提高英语水平的建议。
Many students ask for advice about improving their English.
10. 把它们写在纸上，贴在你的卧室。
Write them on pieces of paper and place them in your bedroom.
11. 这花费很长时间
It takes a long time.
12. 她在她的学校的乐队演奏，而且他们要在中国开一些音乐会。
She plays in her school orchestra, and they’re doing some concerts in China.
13. 这是学习英语的好方法。
This is a great way to learn English.
14. 我认为每一个应该有个笔友，并互相写电子邮件信息。
I think everyone should have a pen friend and write email messages to each other.
15. 当你购物时，总计下英语单词，或者说出你看到的每件东西的英文名如何呢?
When you are shopping, how about counting the English words, or saying the English names for everything you see?
16. 和你的朋友谈论电影或歌曲，并猜新单词的意思。
Talk about the film or song with your friends, and guess the meaning of the new words.
Module2
1. 啊哈，你猜怎么着！
Well, guess what!
2. 头等奖是你梦想的到英国度假。
The first prize is the holiday of your dreams in England.
3. 韩力曾经去过美国的旧金山。
Han Li has been to San Francisco in USA.
4. 你梦寐以求的假期。
The holiday at your dreams.
5. 你觉得怎么样？
What do you reckon?
6. 他在全国各地举办音乐会，音乐会的票总是销售一空。
He’s given concerts all over China and the tickets have always sold out..
7. 听起来好极了。
It sounds pilliant.
8. 我期望有一天能环游世界。
I expect to travel around the world.
9. 你曾经有“梦想实现”吗？
Have you ever had a “dream come true”?
10. Sally 邀请我去英国和她一起呆一天。
Sally has invited me to stay with her in England one day.
11. 王明与2000多名观众一起去参加过在北京举行的刘欢音乐会。
Wang Ming has been to Liu Huan concert in Beijing with more than 2000 people.
12. 北京以其烤鸭而著名。
Beijing is famous for its roast ducks.
13. 客舱内是禁止吸烟的。
Smoking is not allowed in the cabin.
14. 因为大雾原因，飞机不能起飞。
The plane can’t take off because of the thick fog.
15. 春节是中国的传统节日。
The Spring Festival is traditional festival in China.
Module3
1. 你在干什么？
What are you up to?
2. 地球是行星，它绕着太阳转。还有八颗行星也围绕着太阳转
The Earth is a planet and it goes around the Sun.Eight other planets also go around.
3. 宇宙中有这么多的恒星,我们是孤独的吗?太空中还有其他的生命吗?
With so many stars in the universe, are we alone , or is there life out there in space.
4. 把它给给我的家人看看
To show it to my family.
5. 花了几个月的时间才到那里
It has taken several months to get there.
6. 大明有什么作业吗？
What homework has Daming got?
7. 你认为大明的行为怎么样？
What do think of Daming’s action?
8. 科学家们认为数百年以前地球上已经生命存在。
Scientists think that there has been life on Earth for millions of years.
9. 北京是中最大的城市之一
Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China
10. 房间里没有人
No one is in the room.
11. 我们班大多数学生骑自行车上学。
Most of the students in our class go to school by school.
12. 茶跟咖啡你更喜欢哪一样？
Which do you prefer , tea or coffee?
13. 他们用其他的太空船做了什么？
What have they made with the other spacecraft?
14. 它将与明年返回地球。
It’s coming back to Earth next year.
15. 我在学校刚读完了一本极好的书
I’ve just finished reading a great book at school.
16. 汤姆写的和玛丽写的一样好
Tom writes as carefully as Mary.
17. 这河水太深，孩子们不能在河里游泳。
The river is so deep that the children can’t swim in it.
The river is too deep for the children to swim in
18. 他对英语表现出了极厚的兴趣
He shows much interest in English.
Module 4
1. 但是我和她相处得很好。
But I get on well with her.
2. 刘三子是一个八岁的男孩，他住在湖南的一个村子里。
Liu Sanzi is an eight-year-old boy from a village in Hunan Province.
3. 在希望工程的帮助下，他们现在可以上学了。
Now they can go to school with the help of Project Hope.
4. 因为有了希望工程，成千上万的孩子们过上了更好的生活。
Beacause of Project Hope,thousands of children have better lives.
5. 他的父母希望他辍学。
His parents want him to drop out of school.
6. 在过去的15年中，这个工程已经筹集了善款，支付了乡村2500000个穷孩子的教育
经费。
In the last 15 years this project has raised money and paid for the education of 2.5 million poor students in the countryside.
7. 去年沈，一个男孩去一个没有电，只有几本书的学校上学。
Last year Shen, a boy went to a school with no electricity and only a few books.
8. 大多数中国人听说过希望工程，捐过钱。
Most people in China have heard of Project Hope and have given money.
9. 帮助穷孩子上学。
Helping poor children go to school.
10. 我和他相处的好，我们喜欢一样的东西。
I get on well with her, we like the same things.
11. 当你参观国家的时候，学习外语会更容易。
It’s easier to learn a foreign language when you visit the country.
12. 这是为穷孩子所建的学校。
It’s a school for poor children.
Module 5
1. 这是谁创作的？
Who’s it by ?
2. 她不喜欢流行音乐，是吧？
对，她不喜欢。
---She doesn’t like pop music, does she ?
---No, she doesn’t.
3. 别再烦我们了（让我们清静一会吧）！
Give us a peak ！
4. 那究竟是什么音乐？
What on earth is that ?
5. 和他的父亲相比，儿子„„更加成功，更受人们的欢迎。
The son „was even more successful and popular than his father.
6. 他创作了400多支圆舞曲，最著名的是《蓝色多瑙河》。
He wrote more than 400 waltzes and his most famous one was The Blue Danube.
7. 维也纳是多瑙河上一个美丽古老的城市。
Vienna is a beautiful old city on the river Danube .
8. 在他不到六岁，他不仅弹奏钢琴，还拉小提琴和管风琴。
Before he was six he played not only the piano, but also the violin and the organ.
9. 在他12岁时，他写了他的第一首歌剧，为古典乐队写了成千上百的美丽的曲子。
He wrote his first opera at the age of 12 and hundreds of beautiful pieces of music for the classical orchestra.
10. 埃尔维斯是一个很棒的歌手，他决定为他制作唱片。
Elvis was a great singer and decided to make records for him.
11. 他上学从不迟到，是吗？
He is never late for school ,is he ?
12. 多好的天气啊，是吧？
What fine weather, isn’t it ?
Module 6
1. 她看了几眼姐姐的书，发现书上既没有插图又没有对话。
Once or twice she looked into her sister’s book, but it had no pictures or conversations in it .
2. “没有插图、没有对话的书有什么用？”
“What is a book for,” thought Alice, “without pictures or conversations?’
3 她正在想着做一个雏菊花环，突然，一只粉色眼睛的小白兔从她的身边跑过。 She was thinking of making a daisy chain when suddenly a white rabbit with pink eyes ran by her
4 她从没见过兔子有兜，也没有见过兔子看表，因此就跟着那只兔子跑过田野。
She never saw a rabbit with a pocket or a watch, so she ran across the field after it.
5 她看到了兔子钻进树篱下面一个挺大的兔子洞里。
She saw it go down a large rabbit hole under the hedge.
6 爱丽丝没有什么事可做。
Alice had nothing to do .
7 爱丽丝掉进一个兔子洞穴，进入了它们奇特的世界。
Alice fell down a rabbit hole and went into their strange world.
8 每个英国的男孩女孩都读过。
Every boy and girl in Britain has read it.
9 爱丽丝非常疲倦。
Alice was getting very tired.
10 当兔子从口袋里掏出一块表看时间时，爱丽丝跳了起来。
When the rabbit took a watch out of its pocket and looked at it,Alice got up.
Module7
1.它的味道尝起来太浓了。
It taste too strong..
2.恐怕我不喜欢奶酪。
I’m afraid I don’t like cheese.
3.她长的什么样子？
What’s she like?
4.你一定要把我介绍给她。
You must introduce me to her.
5.它摸起来很柔软，很舒服。
It feels very soft and comfortable.
6.谢谢你的上一封信，收到你的信真开心。
Thank you for your last message, it was great to hear from you.
7.我还喜欢运动，特别是打网球。
I enjoy sports as well, especially tennis.
8. 她听起来很棒，而且她看起来很漂亮。
She sounds really nice, and she looks very pretty.
9.谢谢你告诉我你喜欢做的事情。
Thanks for telling me about what you like doing.
10,当我说中文的时候，我觉得紧张。
I feel nervous when I speak English.
11.我们将要去机场接我从伦敦来的笔友Sally。
We are going to the airport to meet my friend Sally from London.
12.我们将回到这里吃点东西。
We are coming back here to have something to eat.
13.我很高，长着金色的长发，并且带着眼镜。
I’m quite tall with short fair hair, and I wear glasses.
14.我哥哥是学校网球队的队长，我为他感到骄傲。
My pother is captain of the school tennis team— I’m very proud of him!
15.我希望当我到达机场的时候，你能从照片上认出我。
I hope you can recognize me from my photo when I arrive at the airport.
Module 8
1. 沿着这条红色的街道来到白金汉宫，女王就住在这里。
Go along the red street to Buckingham Palace .The Queen lives here.
2. 伦敦塔是这座城市最古老的宫殿。
The Tower of London is the city’s oldest palace.
3. 现在你又回到了出发的地方——广场。
You are now back where you started, at the square.
4. Lingling,给我展示你的北京的地图。
Show me your map of Beijing, Lingling.
5. 我怎么到达紫禁城？
6. How do I get to the Forbidden City?
7. 直走。它在天安门广场对面。
Go straight ahead. It’s opposite Tian’anmen Square.
8. 穿过广场。向左转到长安街，然后向右转到长街。
Go across the square. Turn left into Chang’an Jie and then turn right into Chang Jie.
9. 你可以告诉我去公园的路吗？
Can you tell me the way to a park?
10. 我想在长街和文津街的拐角处有一个入口。
I think there’s an entrance on the corner of Chang Jie and Wenjin Jie
11. 我可以在哪里购物？
Where can I do some shopping?
12. 它有点安静。
It’s kind of quiet.
13. 对面是国家美术馆，一个有许多名画的博物馆。
Opposite is the National Gallery, a museum with lots of famous paintings.
14. 它把你带到泰晤士河上135米处。
It takes you 135 metres above the River Thames.
15. 你可以在一个晴天看到大部分伦敦。
You can see most of London on a clear day.
16. 坐船沿着河回去。 Take the boat back along the river.
17. 下船并经过车站，沿着街走。
Get off the boat and go past the station and walk along the street.
18. 我们站在伦敦的中间。
We are standing in the middle of London.
19. 当你累了，看伦敦最好的方法是坐船。
When you are tired, the best way to see London is by boat.
20. 欢迎来这次短暂的伦敦旅行。
Welcome to this short tour of London.
21. 当你沿着河边走，伦敦在你的右边。
As you go along the river, the London Eye is on your right.
Module 9
1. 但是想起那些濒危动物来，真让人伤心。
But it＇s sad to think about all those animals in danger.
2. 我们的村庄和农场越来越大，我们剥夺了他们的土地和森林。
Our villages and farms are growing bigger,and weˊre taking away their lands and forests.
3. 它们主要以竹子为食，每天每只熊猫要吃很多的竹子。
They mainly live on bamboo, and each panda needs to eat a lot of bamboo every day.
4. 拯救大熊猫的道路依旧十分漫长。
There is still a long way to go to save the panda.
5. 了解卧龙大熊猫自然保护区的知识很有趣。
It was interesting to learn about the Wolong Panda Reserve.
6. 想起那些濒危动物让人很难过。
Itˊs sad to think about all those animals in danger.
7. 杀死鲸和象来获取他们的肉根本就是不对的。
It just isnˊt right to kill whales or elephants for their meat.
8. 发现鲸处境很危险你感到震惊吗？
Are you surprised to find out that whales are in danger?
9. 我们要帮助动物生活在安全的环境里。
We need to help the animals live in peace.
10. 很多人决定不去想这件事。
Many people decide not to think about it.
11. 它们的水不适宜饮用„
Their water isnˊt good to drink„
12. 政府正在努力拯救大熊猫。
Our government is working hard to save pandas.
13. 有30多个大熊猫自然保护区。
There are more than 30 nature reserves to protect pandas.
14. 许多动物没有地方生存。
Many animals hve no place to live in.
15. 熊猫能够生存的土地越来越少。
So pandas have less and less land to live on..
16. 政府已制定了一个保护大熊猫的新计划。
The government has made a new plan to help pandas.
17. 最难的是阻止人们猎杀它们。
The difficulty is to stop peopie killing them.
Module10
1. 萨莉最大的爱好是音乐
Sally’s main interest is music.
2. 我想看看茶馆，所以我的父母同意带我们去哪。
I want to see the teahouse,so my parents agreed to take us.
3. 我设法理解它，但那几乎不可能。
I try to understand it,but it was almost impossible.
4. 我们仅仅打算喝点茶，但是我们决定呆两个小时。
We only planned to have some tea,but we decided to stay for two hours.
5. 他特别因他的剧本茶馆而著名。
He is especially famous for his play,teahouse.
6. 没什么特别的。
Not especially.
7. 这部戏展示中国观众在1898和1945年之间的生活。
The play shows the audience life in China between 1989 and 1945.
8. 故事发生在老北京的一间茶馆里。
It takes place in a teahouse in old Beijing.
9. 它向我们讲述了王利发及他的顾客的故事。
It tells the story about Wang Lifa and his customers.
10. 最后，它向老北京和它的人们说再见。
Finally, it says goodbye to old Beijing and its people.
11. 最后，他带观众到1945年的抗日战争末。
Finally,it pings the audience to the end of the Anti-Japenese War in 1945.
12. 他的父母送他去北京的师范学校并且他学习教书。
His parents sent him to the Teacher’s School in Beijing and he learned to teach.
13. 老舍的茶馆热烈欢迎来自中国和全世界的每一个人。
Lao She Teahouse gives a wonderful welcome to everyone from China and from all over the world.
14. 他被誉为“人民艺术家”和“语言大师”
He was named a “People’s Artist” and a “Great Master of Language”.
15. 如果你喜欢京剧、民乐、杂技或是魔术，你可以在这个茶馆里欣赏到这些节目。 If you like Beijing Opera,folk music,acrobatics or magic shows,you can enjoy them in the teahouse.
Module 11
1.嗨，你们这些人！
Hey, you lot !
2.好了，走吧！
Come on , better get going !
3.最好的计划是9月份去新英格兰。
The best plan is to arrive in New England in September.
4.也许你要拍一些秋天的树叶，所以，带上你的照相机是个不错的主意。
It’s a good idea to ping your camera because you may want to take photos of the autumn leaves.
5.在得克萨斯州和东南部地区，夏天和秋天有时会有暴风雨。
In Texas and the southeast , there are storms from time to time in summer and fall.
6.我们正在为好买礼物。
We’re going shopping for her present.
7.也许天气恰好不冷。
It may not even be cold.
8.天气可能相当冷，但或许干燥。
It may be quite cool , but it’ll probably be dry.
9.在5月或10月，纽约和华盛顿是参观的好地方。
New York and Washington D.C.are good places to visit in May or October.
10.在10月见到太阳很好。
It’s nice to see the Sun in December.
11.天气将整天黑暗、冰泠。
It’ll be dark all day and freezing cold.
12.那么什么时候是参观美国的最好时间？
So when’s the best time to visit the USA？.
13.在北方，天气不是很冷，但下雨多，因此带上雨伞。
In the northwest , it isn’t very cold , but there’s a lot of rain , so ping an umpella.
14.带上泳衣，因为你可能到海里游泳。
Bring your swimsuit because you might want to swim in the sea.
15.你打算给玲玲买什么礼物？
What are you going to buy for Lingling’s present？
Module12
1. 在美国，当有人给你一个礼物时，你一定要立刻将它打开。
In the USA,when someone gives you a present,youmust open it immediately.
2. 并且你必须用红纸包裹红包，因为那是吉利的
And you must wrap hongbao in red paper because it’s lucky.
3. 你不准在中国新年的第一天力作任何打扫。
You mustn’t do any cleaning on the first day of the Chinese New Year.
4. 当你和年长的人说话时，你必须说先生或女士但你可以对你的朋友直呼其名
You must say Mr and Mrs when you speak to older people,but you can use first names with your friends.
5. 茶不仅仅是一种饮料，而且也是一顿在四点左右的间食。
Tea is not just a dringk but a light meal at around 4 pm.
6. 6你必须倒茶，然后倒奶——你不能先放奶再放茶。
You must pour the tea ,then the milk ---you can’t put the milk in first then the tea.
7. 7在公共汽车或火车上，別的乘客都很安靜，而你不准講話聲太大。
In buses or trains,the other passengers are very quiet,and you mustn’t talk too loudly.
8. 并且你不会经常在街道里听到人们大叫大喊。
And you don’t often hear people shouting in the sreet.
9. 男人和女人在婚礼的前一天晚上不能见到彼此。
The man and the woman can’t see each other the night before the wedding.
10. 比方说，你总是在第一次见到人们时和他们握手
For example,you usually shake hands with people when you meet them for the first time.
11. 然后女方不准准时到达教堂，而是晚几分钟
Then the woman mustn’t arrive at the church on time but a few minutes late.
12. 在婚礼后的晚会上，女方将她的花扔过她的肩膀。接到花的女孩将是下一个结婚的!
At the party after the wedding,the woman throws her flowers over her shoulder.The girl who catches them will be next to get married!
11
八年级上册英语句子道德是石，敲出希望之火；道德是火，点燃希望之灯；道德是灯，照亮人生之路；道德是路，引导人们走向灿烂的辉煌！
2011年10月13日下午5时30分许，一出惨剧发生在佛山南海黄岐广佛五金城：年仅两岁的女童小悦悦走在巷子里，被一辆面包车两次碾压，几分钟后又被一小型货柜车碾过。而让人难以理解的是，七分钟内在女童身边经过的十八个路人，竟然对此不闻不问。最后，一位拾荒阿姨陈贤妹把小悦悦抱到路边并找到她的妈妈。2011年10月21日，小悦悦经医院全力抢救无效，在零时32分离世。
小悦悦事件，经过媒体的报道，在网诺上引起轩然大波。或许你可以愤怒声讨，甚至人肉冷血路人，但当你挥舞道德大棒的时候，底气是否真的很足？小悦悦的死亡，看似个意外，实则是一道关于“道德”的考题。如果自己身临现场，又会作何抉择？是马上救人、报警，还是假装看不见、绕路而过呢？我想，当很多人面对这样的考题时，会无从下手。
十八，并不单纯只是一个数字，而是折射出我们现在社会存在的普遍问题。扪心自问，在社会急剧转型过程中，扭曲的价值导向譬如金钱至上、为了成功甚至可以不择手段等等，导致社会主流价值观的异化。而一些本应该坚守、珍视和传承的传统价值、道德观念，却在急速丢失，究竟是谁的错？当骗子一次又一次得逞而又逃脱责任时，我们变得敏感而脆弱。于是，我们将冷漠当成了人生的必修课；于是，这个世界就少了温情。我们现在的生活是否太过于小心翼翼、如履薄冰呢？
在一件又一件的“意外”发生之后，我们开始反思，这似乎是对的。但是，我们知道亡羊补牢，可以改正错误；为什么我们就不能学会未雨绸缪，避免错误呢？难道犯错之后，才可以解决问题吗？每一次的“意外”发生之后，并不是我们学会了如何去补救就可以的，那可是人命啊！当我们在面对鲜活的人命、跳动的心时，怎么能选择漠视呢？ 我们不能屈从于这些现象，更不能长叹甚至承认这种现象已经成为我们的道德底线。有时候我也觉得：社会就相当于一张无形的大网，将好与坏交织在一起，令人辨不清方向。而当“道德”这根“网丝”被抽断，人们的生活就将面临着无尽的黑暗。
从毒奶粉、地沟油到小悦悦事件，中国人是否真的到了最缺德的时候了呢？是不是从现在开始我们就可以重新出发去寻找曾经的那个礼仪之邦呢？当今时代的中国之所以会一次又一次地出现问题，根本原因就是因为人性的泯灭，道德的缺失！而现在的我们，又该怎么扶起跌倒的道德
老人跌倒到底我们该不该扶起来？
这个讨论我觉得很有必要。尊老爱幼、救死扶伤历来是我国的优良传统，谁家没有老人，谁人不会变老？
由于媒体曝光出诸多诸如彭宇案之类的扶助跌倒老人做好事反被老人诬为肇事者、甚至被法院以“常理判断”等逻辑推理的理由判决巨额赔款等案例，越来越多的人对搀扶跌倒老人心存忌惮。
简单不过的举手之劳，有可能惹来无尽的麻烦。社会公德，传统道德，在我们犹豫的目光中渐渐丧失。
当跌倒老人该不该扶作为问题，被全社会、被公众、被媒体热烈讨论的时候，其实已经证明某种程度上这个社会的公德已经破产了。显然，似乎作为社会人，谁也回答不了这个问题。
无良的南京法官、天津法官，以及制裁那些诬赖彭宇们的老人，理应受到谴责，但见死不救的围观者，是否也会受到道德、公义和良心的谴责？
武汉市88岁的李老汉在离家不到百米的菜场口摔倒后，众多围观者无人敢伸出援手，最终老人因鼻血堵塞呼吸道窒息死亡的事件让整个社会震惊。公众对老人跌倒出现的冷漠和麻木不仁，整个社会都应该检讨，甚至每一个人都应该检讨。以前一直觉得类似老人跌倒该不该扶、应该怎么扶这些事情不是个问题，但现在还真成了一个大问题。类似南京法官、武汉老人这样的案例，虽然不能说是普遍的现象，但其折射出来的社会现实却是很严峻的。
我们对跌倒老人该不该扶的讨论，这绝非故意夸大问题的严重性，而是针对目前整个社会道德、价值观滑坡出现的现象提出质疑，因为类似人情冷漠、麻木不仁的现象不仅仅发生在跌倒老人身上，还有更多其它的案例，比如见义勇为的英雄流血又流泪的故事，比如围观跳楼自杀时出现一片幸灾乐祸的“快跳”的喊声，比如公车上乘客对小偷熟视无睹的常态等等，不一而足，这都早已成了全社会反思的问题，完全是一个社会问题。
自从南京徐老太事件开始，中国就开始进入国民道德沦丧期，开始瓦解中国人民的道德，想徐老太这种人开始肆意妄为，有法律支持，又可以获取巨额的回报，而且没有任何成本。而彭宇付出的代价实在是太高，从而开始冷漠国人的同情心，淡化人与人之间的感情。尔后如钓鱼执法等一系列事件，彻底麻木人们的怜悯之心，造成事不关己，高
高挂起的心态，导致八旬老人倒地1个多小时而无人敢伸出援助之手。我可以肯定，大多数围观昔都是善良的人，可是谁也承担不起那巨大的代价。你能说人们冷漠？
苍蝇多的地方，是垃圾的原因还是苍蝇的原因？
2006年南京彭宇案后，2009年10月21日，天津车主许云鹤沿天津市红桥区红旗路行驶，遇到正在红旗路由西向东跨越中心护栏的老人王秀芝倒地受伤。许云鹤称下车搀扶王秀芝，而王秀芝则称，她是被许云鹤撞倒的;
2011年8月26日，江苏南通长途车司机殷红彬、乘务员郁维贞在路上扶起了一位被撞伤的老太太，事后，老太太指称司机为“肇事者”。但由于殷红彬、郁维贞所开车辆装了监控探头，一看录像，真相大白，司机和乘务员终获清白；
2011年8月28日下午，武汉市一名电动车主胡师傅途经汉口合作路与鄱阳街交会路口时，扶起一名摔倒的八旬婆婆，反被婆婆称是被电动车撞倒的；
2011年9月2日上午，湖北省武汉市，88岁的李姓老人在离家不到100米的菜场门口迎面摔倒，围观者无人敢上前扶他一把。一个半小时后才被送医院救治，老人终因鼻血堵塞呼吸道窒息死亡；
2011年10月13日下午，广东佛山2岁的小悦悦被一辆面包车撞倒并两度碾轧，肇事车辆逃逸，随后另一辆车直接从女童身上再次轧了过去。七分钟内在女童身边经过的18个路人，对此冷眼漠视，只有拾荒老太陈贤妹上前施以援手；
老人倒地该不该扶？这不仅仅是道德或法律能够界定的事。
从道德和情理上讲，老人倒地应该扶。因为只有“我为人人“，才能换来“人人为我”。尤其是我们在倡导和创建和谐社会的今天，首先应该提高全民道德文明素质和行为文明素质。鼓励“一人有难，众人相帮“。这种做法和精神才是我们真正需要的。虽然像王秀芝老人等这样的个例还存在，但随着全民素质的不断提升，这样的事才会随之越来越少.当然，在跌倒的老人和扶起老人的人双方的各执一词中，尽管有一方在说谎，但道德上考问的却是公众的良知。
孩子帮助老人，回家后遭到父母的斥责；老人帮助别人，被儿女说成多管闲事。善良，被掩盖了，是怕被无辜牵连？还是多一事不如少一事？
从法律角度讲：应该说，我国的法制还不算健全。在对待这种案件中，在真相无法判断的前提下，法律本着保护弱者的原则倒向老人一方虽然可以理解，但是对于真正出手相助却被无辜牵连的人来说，却是大大的嘲讽。久之，必然产生“看见杀人的不敢管，看见放火的不敢救“的现象。所以，我们的法律工作者能不能深刻的研读法律，办案时多从案件的社会影响力和引导功能出发，在事实充分的基础上，提倡和鼓励见义勇为，真正地保护弱者，以事实为依据，不从表面上判断，在执法过程中作到法律面前人人平等，公平、公正、公开。
老人倒地该不该扶？如果你问我，我的回答是肯定的。当然扶。但我一定会注意方法。同时我还坚信：“好人终归有好报，不是不报，只是时候未到”。
愿天下好心人一生幸福、平安！
扶与不扶确实是很矛盾的事情，但别被少数的负能量事件遮蔽了眼睛，确实，人心倒了，可就扶不起来了”。 金钱和良知的面前，我们选择良知。——面对人们为自己不受冤枉之灾而置跌倒老人于不顾时，面对跌倒的道德，当社会无力扶起时，法律应该帮一把。
我认为：现如今的人生怕自己吃一点亏，扶起老人这样举手之劳的事都不肯做。就算被老人诬陷，但自己要相信，法律总会还自己一个清白。尊老爱幼自古以来就是传统美德，如果大家都各自打着小算盘，那这还算美德吗？想想看，如果有一位老人摔倒在你的面前，你伸伸手，一条生命就被你拯救，你转身离去，可能一条生命就会就此终结。
古人云：“老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。”人与人之间互相帮助，这是传统的美德，应该赞扬。 在这篇文章的最后，我的结论是“老人倒了，我还是要扶，但是我先了解情况，做好现场证据了再扶。
还有多少“老人摔倒无人敢扶”的悲剧要上演？何时才能趟过冷漠和懦弱的河流？何时助人为乐能够回归到人性的自然流露？举在半空中的援手，急切地等待着落下的一天。因为，我们都会变老，我们都会遭遇生活的变故，我们都不希望冷漠围观的悲剧在自己身上重演。
9月3日，武汉市88岁的李老汉在离家不到百米的菜场口摔倒后，众多围观者无人敢伸出援手，直到老人家人赶到才被送往医院。遗憾的是，由于没有得到及时救治，老人因鼻血堵塞呼吸道窒息死亡。(9月4日《楚天都市报》)
自从南京“彭宇案”之后，老人摔倒无人敢扶，这样的新闻已经不少。
谁都没有权利去批判那些围观者。在当前的环境下，也许每个人在相似的场景下，都很难义无反顾地伸出援手，因为谁都不想变成第二个彭宇、第二个许云鹤、第二个殷红彬„„站在道德的制高点上围观那群围观者，实际上也是在围观我们自己。因而，从某种意义上而言，在人性的荒漠上，在勇气流失的土壤里，任何人或许都有选择懦弱的权利。环境的冰冷和内心的炙热在此碰撞，围观的民众成为了纠结的矛盾体，并非冷漠的看客。
这，并不是在为围观以及围观制造的遗憾寻找借口，而是在为那些悬停在半空中的援手寻找释放的理由。那些诬赖救助者的老人，为什么背叛自己的良知？想到子女肩上的沉重负担、医疗没有保障，在这种焦虑之下，道德的天平难免失去平衡。诬赖现象的背后，实际上是转移风险和压力的缩影。
因而，打通上升通道，实现社会资源的合理分配，才是让民众放下忧虑、摒弃自私的根本之策，释放了这种生存焦虑，实际上也就释放了人性。
当然，法律规章承载着惩恶扬善的功能，并且不应该是冰冷的。只有制度法律向善，才是善法。但是从当前的环境看，一些判决显然是缺乏温情的。
还有多少“老人摔倒无人敢扶”的悲剧要上演？何时才能趟过冷漠和懦弱的河流？何时助人为乐能够回归到人性的自然流露？举在半空中的援手，急切地等待着落下的一天。因为，我们都会变老，我们都会遭遇生活的变故，我们都不希望冷漠围观的悲剧在自己身上重演
综二英语上下册电子书Twelve Things I Wish They Taught at School
1.I attended（参加，就读） junior （初中）and senior（高中） high school, public（公众） institution（机构、组织） in New York and New Jersey, just after the Second World War. It seems a long time ago.The facilities（设施） and skills （技巧） of the teachers were probably well above average （高于平均水平on average(相当于平均水平，low average低于平均水平)） for the United States at that time.Since then, ive learned a great deal. One of the most important thing ive learned is how much there is to learn,and how much I dont yet know. Sometimes I think how grateful i would be today if I had learned more back then about what really matter. In some respects educations is terribly narrow; the only thing I ever learned in school about Napoleons was that the United States made a Louisianna Purchase from him (On a planet where some 95% of the inhabitants are not Americans, the only history that was thought worth teaching was American history.) In spelling, grammar, the fundamentals of math,and other vital subjects, my teachers did a pretty good job.But theres no much else I wish theyd taught us.
2.Perhaps all the deficiencies have since been rectified.It seems to me there are many things (often more a matter of attitude and perception than the simple memorization of facts) that the schools should teach ——things that truly would be useful in later life, useful in making a stronger country and a better world, but useful also in making people happier. Human beings enjoy learning. Thats one of the few things that we do better than the other species on our planet. Every student should regulary experience the
3.So heres my list:
Pick a difficult thing and learn it well
4.The Greek philosopher Socrates said this was one of the greatest of human joys, and it is. While you learn a little bit about many subjects, make sure you learn a great deal about one or two. It hardly matters what the subject is, as long as it deeply interests you, and you place it in its poader human context. After you teach yourself one subject, you become much more confident about your ability to teach yourself another. You gradually find youve acquired a key skill. The world is changing so rapidly that you must continue to teach yourself throughout your life. But dont get trapped by the first subject that interests you, or the first thing you find yourself good at. The world is full of wonders, and some of them we dont discover until were all grow up. Most of them. sadly , we never discover.
Dont be afraid to ask
5.Many apparently naive inquiries like why grass is green, or why the Sun is round, or why we need 55.000 nuclear weapons in the world ——are really deep questions. The answers can be a gateway to real insights. Its also important to know, as well as you can, what it is that you dont know, and asking questions is the way. To ask
to the world around you.
Listen carefully.
6.Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to discovery on either side. When people are talking, dont spend the time thinking about what youre going to say next. Instead, try to understand what theyre saying, what experience is behind their remarks, what you can learn from or about them. Older people have grown up in a world very different from yours, one you may not know very well. They. and people from other parts of the country and from other nations, have important perspectives that can enrich your life.
Everybody makes mistakes
7.Everybodys understanding is incomplete. Be open to correction, and learn to correct your own mistakes. The only embarrassment is in not learning from your mistakes.
Know your planet
8.Its the only one we have. Learn how it works. Were changing the atmosphere, the surface, the waters of the Earth, often for some short-term advantage when the long-term implications are unknow. The citizens of any country should have at least something to say about the direction in which were going. If we dont understand the issues, we abandon the future.
Science and technology.
9.You cant know your planet unless you know something about science and technology. School science courses, I remember, concentrated on the unimportant parts of science, leaving the major insights almost untouched. The great discoveries in modern science are also great discoveries of the human spirit. For example, Copernicus showed that ——far frombeing the center of the universe, about which the Sun, the Moon, the planets, and the stars revolved in clockwise homage——the Earth is just one of many small worlds. This is a deflation of our pretensions, to be sure, but it is also the opening up to our view of a vast and awesome universe. Every high school graduate should have some idea of the insights of Copernicus, Newton, Darwin, Freud, and Einstein. (Einsteins special theory of relativity, far from being obscure and exceptionally difficult, can be understood in its basics with no more than first-year algepa, and the notion of a rowboat in a river going upstream and downstream.)
Dont spend your life watching TV.
10.You know what Im Talking about.
Culture.
11.Gain some exposure to the great works of liturature, art and music. If such a work is hundreds or thousands of years old and is still admired, there is probably something to it. Like all deep experiences, it may take a little work on your part to discover what all the fuss is about. But once you make the effort, your life has changed; youve acquired a source of enjoyment and excitement for the rest of your days. In a world as tightly connected as ours is, dont restrict your attention to American or western culture. Learn how and what people elsewhere think. Learn something of their history, their religion, their viewpoints.
Compassion
12.Many people believe that we live in an extraordinarily selfish time. But there is a hollowness, a loneliness that comes from living only for yourself. Humans are capable of great mutual compassion, love and tenderness. These feelings, however, need encouragement to grow.
13.Look at the delight a one-or two- year old takes in learning, and you see how powerful is the human will to learn. Our passion to understand the universe and our compassion for others jointly provide the chief hope for the human race.
Lesson two Icons
Heros and Cultural Icons
Gray Goshgarian
If you were asked to list ten American heroes and heroines, you would probably name some or all of the following : George Washington, Apaham Lincoln, Daniel Boone, Martin Luther King Jr., Amelia Earhart, Susan B. Anthony, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Helen Keller, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Rosa Parks. If next you were asked to list people who are generally admired by society, who somehow seem bigger than life, you might come up with an entirely different list. You might, in fact, name people who are celepated for their wealth and glamour rather than their achievements and moral strength of character. And you would not be alone, because pollsters have found that people today do not choose political leaders who shape history for their ―Most Admired‖ list, but rather movie and television celepities, fashion models, professional athletes, and even comic book and cartoon characters. In short media icons.
By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made most oftern for the benefit of others---then are people against whom we measure others. They are men and women recognized for shaping our nation‘s consciousness and development as well as the lives of those who admire them. Yet, some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by, where the very ideal of heroism is something beyond us---an artifact of the past. Some maintain that because the Cold War is over and because America is at peace our age is essentially and unheroic one. Furthermore, the overall crime rate is down, poverty has been eased by a strong and growing economy, and advances continue to be made in medical science. Consequently, bereft of cultural heroes, we have latched onto cultural icons—media superstars such as actors, actresses, sports celepities, television personalities, and people who are simply famous for being famous.
Cultural icons are harder to define, but we know them when we see them. They are people who manage to transcend celepity, who are legendary, who somehow manage to become mythic. But what makes some figures icons and others mere celepities? That‘s hard to answer. In part, their lives have the quality of a story. For instance, the beautiful young Diana Spencer who at 19 married a prince, bore a king, renounced marriage and the throne, and died at the moment she found true love. Good looks certainly help. So does a special indefinable charisma, with the help of the media. But nothing becomes an icon more than a tragic and early death---such as Martin Luther King Jr., John F. Kennedy, and Princess Diana.
Being Somebody
Donna Woolfolk Cross
One hundred years ago, people became famous for what they had achieved. Men like J.P. Morgan, E.H. Harriman and Jay Gould were all notable achievers. So were Thomas Edison, Mark Twain, and Susan B. Anthony.
Their accomplishments are still evident in our own day. Today‘s celepities, however, often do not become known for any enduring achievement. The people we most admire today are usually those who are most highly publicized by the media.
In 1981, a Gallup poll revealed that Nancy Reagan was the nation‘s ―most admired woman‖. The year before, that distinction went to president Carter‘s wife, Rosalynn. In fact, the wife of the current president is always one of the nation‘s most admired women. Today‘s celepities, as the writer Daniel Boorstin says, are ―people well –known for their well-knownness.‖
To become such a celepity, one needs luck, not accomplishment. As Boorstin says, ―The hero was distinguished by his accomplishment; the celepity by his image or tradem
ark. The hero created himself; the celepity is created by the media. The hero was a big man; the celepity is a big name.‖
There is another distinction: heroes inspire respect; celepities inspire envy. Few of us believe we could be another Jonas Salk or Eleanor Roosevelt, but we could be another TV star like Telly Savalas or Suzanne Somers. Except for the attention they get from the media, these people are exactly like us.
The shift from hero-worship to celepity-worship occurred around the turn of the century. It was closely tied to the rise of new forms of media—first photography, and later moving pictures, radio and television. For the first time, Americans could see and recognize their heroes. Previously, men like Gould and Harriman, whose names everyone knew, could easily have passed through a crowd without being recognized. The reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celepities whose dress, appearance, and personal habits were widely commented upon. Slowly, the focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what they looked like.
The shift was accelerated by the arrival of moving pictures. Between 1901 and 1914, 74 percent of the magazine articles about famous people were about political leaders, inventors, professionals and businessmen. After 1922, however, most articles were about movie stars.
With the arrival of television, the faces of the stars became as familiar as those we saw across the peakfast table. We came to know more about the lives of the celepities than we did about most of the people we know personally. Less than seventy years after the appearance of the first moving pictures, the shift from hero-worship to celepity-worship was complete.
Today an appearance on a television talk show is the ultimate proof of ―making it ‖ in America. Actually, the term ‖talk show‖ is misleading. Celepities do not appear on such a program because of an actual desire---or ability---to talk, but simply to gain recognition, and prove, merely by showing up, that they are ―somebody.‖
Being a guest on a talk show does not require qualities of wit, eloquence, pilliance, insight, or intelligence. A former talent coordinator for ―the Tonight Show‖, says that when he would ask a scheduled guest, ―What would you like to talk to the host about?‖ the reply he got often was, ―Have him ask me anything.‖ This , he says, usually meant. ―I am a typical Hollywood actor, so I have never had an original thought and I have nothing to say of any interest to anyone anywhere.‖
Most hosts are grateful just to get someone who will fill the room with sound. One talk show coordinator comments. ―we look for the guest who is sure to talk no matter what. Ten seconds of silence appears very awkward on television; thirty seconds is disastr
ous. A guest who‘s got to stop to think about everything he says before the opens his mouth is a ratings nightmare.‖
This kind of attitude rewards smooth, insincere talk, and makes hesitancy look like stupidity.
―we wouldn‘t have used George Washington on our show. ‖ says one talent coordinator. ―he might have been first in the hearts of his countrymen, but today he‘d be dragging his bottom in the ratings.‖
lesson3 Go Go Americans
Go-Go Americans
Alison R. Lanier
1.Americans believe no one stands still.If you are not moving ahead,you are falling behind.This attitude of time results in a nation of people committed to researching,experimenting and exploring.Time is one of the two elments Americans save carefully,the other being labor.
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3.A foreigners first impression to the U.S is likely to be that everyone is in a rush--often under pressure.City people appear always to be hurrying to get where they are going,restlessly seeking attention in a store,elbowing others as they try to complete their errands.Racing through daytime meals is considered precious.Others in public eating places are waiting for you to finish so they too can be served and get back to work within the time allowed.Each person hurries to make room for the next person.If you dont waiters will hurry you.
4.You also find drivers will be apupt and that people will push past you.You will miss smiles,pief conversations,small contacts with strangers.Dont take it personally.This is because people value time highly,and they resent someone else
5.This view of time affects the importance we attach to patience.In the American system of values ,patience is not a high priority. Many of us have what might be called
begin to move restlessly about if we feel time is slipping away without some return——be this in terms of pleasure, work value,or rest. Those coming from lands where time is looked upon differenetly may find this matter of pace to be one of their most difficult adjustments in both business and daily life.
6.Many newcomers to the states will miss the opening courtitesies of a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual socializing that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be traditional in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a cafe or coffee house. Normally, Americans dont access their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust and rapport
.Rapport to us is less important then performance.We seek out evidence of
past performance then evalute a business college through social courtesies. Since we generally acess and probe prefessionally rather than socially,we start talking business very quickly.
7.Most Americans live according to time segments laid out in engagement calendars.These calendars may be be devided into intervals as short as fifteen minutes.We often give a person two or three(or more) segments of my calendar,but in the business world we almost always have other appointments following hard on the heels of whatever we are doing now.Time is therefore always ticking in our inner ear.
8.As a result we work hard at the task of saving time.We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices; we communicate rappidly through telexes, phone calls or memos rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant,take longer especially given our traffic-filled streets.We therefore save most personal visiting for after work hours or for social weekend gatherings.
9.To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the importance of the matter at hand,In some countries no major business is carried on without eye contact,requiring face to face conversation. In America, too, a final agreement will normally be signed in person.However people are meeting increasingly on television screens,conducting
10.The U.S. is defined a telephone country.Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or peak social engagements, to say their
together without moving from their desks, even in widely scattered locations.In a big country that ,too ,is important.
11.Some new arrivals will come from cultures where it is considered impolite to work too quickly.Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant,not worthy of proper respect.Assighments are thus felt to be given added weight by the passage of time. In the U.S.,however itis taken as a sign of competence to solve a problem,or fullfill a job succesfully, with rapideity. Usually,the more important a task is, the more capital, energy,and attention will be poured into it in inorder to
综二lesson4
1.Hour after after I kept the gun pointed at the other nine man. From the lifeboats stern, where Id sat most of the twenty days of our drifting,I could keep them all covered. If i had to shoot at such close quarters, I wouldnt miss. They realized that. Nobody jumped at me. But in the way they all glared i could see how theyd come to hate my guts.
2.Especially Barratte, whod been bosns mate; Barrett said in his harsh, craked voice,
3.I didnt answer. He was right. How long can a man stay awake? I hadnt dare to shut my eyes in maybe seventy-two hours. Very soon now id doze off, and the instant that happened theyd jump on the litlle water that was left.
4.The last canteen lay under my legs. There wasnt much in it after twenty days. Maybe a pint. Enough to give each of them a few drops. Yet I could see in their bloodshot eyes that theyd gladly kill me for those few drops. As a man I didnt count any more. I was no longer third officer of the wrecked Montala. I was just a gun that kept them away from the water they craved. And with their tongue swollen and their cheeks sunken, they were half crazy.
5.The way I judged it, we must be some two hundred miles east of Ascension. Now that the storms were over, the Atlantic swells were long and easy, and the morning sun was hot——so hot it scoched your skin. My own tongue was thick enough to stop my throat. Id have given the rest of my life for a single gulp of water.
6.But I was the man with the gun——the only authority in the boat——and I knew this: once
the water was gone wed have nothing to look forward to but death. As long as we could look forward to getting a drink later, there was something to live for. We had to make it last as long as possible. If Id given in to the curses, wed have emptied the last canteen days ago. By now wed all be dead.
7.The men werent pulling on the oars. Theyd stopped that long ago, too weak to go on. The nine of them facing me were a pack of bearded, ragged, half-naked animals, and I probably looked as bad as the rest. Some sprawled over the gunwales, dozing. The rest watched me as Barrett did, ready to spring the instant i relaxed.
8.When they werent looking at my face they looked at the canteen under my legs.
9.Jeff Barrett was the nearest one. A constant threat. The bosns mate was a heavy man, bald , with a scarred and putal face. Hed been in a hundred fights, and they d left their marks on him.
10.Barrett had been able to sleep——in fact , hed slept through most of the night——and I envied him that. His eyes wouldnt close.They kept watching me, narrow and dangerous.
11.Every now and then he jeered at me in that hoarse, poken voice:
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16.Couldnt he understand that if we waited until night the few drops wouldnt be sweated out of us so fast? But Barrett was beyond all reasoning. His mind had already cracked with thirst. I saw him begin to rise, a calculating look in his eyes. I aimed the gun at his chest——and he sat down again.
17.Id grabbed my gun on instinct, twenty days ago, just before running for the life boat. Nothing else would have kept Barrett and the rest away from the water.
18.These fools——couldnt they see I wanted a drink as badly as any of them? But I was in command here——that was the difference. I was the man with the gun, the man who had to think. Each of the others could offord to think only of himself; I had to think of them all.
19.Barretts eyes kept watching me, waiting. I hate him. I hateed him all the more because he had slept. As the boat rose and fell on the long swells, I could feel sleep creeping over me like paralysis. I bent my head. It filled my pain like a cloud. I was going, going...
20.Barrett stood over me, and I couldnt even lift the gun. In a vague way I could guess what would happen. Hed grab the water first and take his drop. By that time the others would be screaming and tearing at him, and he had to yield the canteen. Well, there was nothing more I could do about it.
21.I whispered,
22.Then I fell face down in the bottom of the boat. I was asleep before I stopp moving...
23. When a hand shook my shoulder, I could hardly raise my head. Jeff Berretts hoarse voice said,
24.Somehow I proped myself on my arms, dizzy and weak. I looked at the men, and I thought my eyes were going. Their figures were dim, shadowy; but then I realized it was not because of my eyes. It was night. The sea was black; there were stars overhead. Id slept the day away.
25.So we were in our twenty-first night adrift——the night in which the tramp Croton finally picked us up——but now, as I turned my head to Barrett there was no sigh of any ship. He knelt beside me, holding out the canteen, his other hand with the gun steady on the men.
26. I stared at the canteen as if it were a mirage. Hadnt they finished that pint of water this morning? When I looked up at Barretts ugly face, it was grim. He must have guessed my thoughts.
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lesson5 Are You Giving Your Kids Too Much?
Are You Giving Your Kids Too Much?
Benjamin Spock
1.While traveling for various speaking engagements, I frequently stay overnight in the home of a family and am assigned to one of the childrens bedrooms. In it, I oten find so many playthings that theres almost no room——for my small toiletket. And the closet is ususally so
tightly packed with clothes that I can barely squeeze in my jacket.
2.Im not complaining, only making a point. I think that the tendency to give children an overabundance of toys and clothes is quite common in American families, and I think that in far too many families not only do children come to take their parents generosity for granted, but also the effects of this can actually be somewhat harmful to children.
3.Of course, Im not only thinking of the material possessions children are given. Children can also be overindulged with too many privileges——for example, when parents send a child to an expensive summer camp that the parents cant really afford.
4.Why parents give their children too much, or give things they cant afford? I believe there are several reasons.
5.One fairly common reason is that parents overindulge their children out of a sense of guilt. Parents who both hold down full-time jobs may feel guilty about the amount of time they spend away from their children and may attempt to compensate by showering them with material possessions.
6.Other parents overindulge because they want their children to have everything they hadd while growing up, along with those things the parents yearned for but didnt get. Still others are afraid to say no to their childrens endless requests for toys for fear that their children will feel unloved or will be ridiculed if they dont have the same playthings their friends have.
7.Overindulgence of a child also happens when parents are unable to stand up to their childrens unreasonable demands. Such parents vacillate between saying no and giving in——but neither response seems satisfactory to them. If they refuse a request, they immediately feel a wave of remorse for having been so strict or ungenerous. If they give in, they feel regret and resentment over having been a pushover. This kind of vacillation not only impairs the parents ability to set limits, it also sours the parent-child relationship to some degree, robbing parents and their children of some of the happiness and mutual respect that should be present in healthy families.
8.But overindulging children with material things does little to lessen parental guilty (since parents never feel that theyve given enough), nor does it make children feel more loved (for what children really crave is parents time and attention). Instead, the effects of overindulgence can be harmful. Children may, to some degree, become greedy, self-centered, ungrateful and insensitive to the needs and feeling of others, beginning with their parents. When children are given too much, it undermines their respect for their parents. In fact, children begin to sense that a parents unlimited generosity is not right. The paradoxical result may be that these children will push further, unconsciously hoping that, if they push too hard, they will force their parents into setting limits.
9.Also, overindulged children are not as challenged as children with fewer playthings to be
more creative in their play. They have fewer opportunities to learn the value of money, and have less experience in learning to deal with a delay gratification, if every requested object is given on demand.
10.The real purpose of this discussion is not to tell to parents how much and how little to give their children. Rather, my intent is to help those parents who have already sensed that they might be overindulging their children but dont know how to stop.
11.Parents who are fortunate enough not to have a problem with feelings of guilt dont need to respond crossly to their children when denying a specific request which is thought to be unreasonable. They can explain, cheerfully, that its too expensive——except perhaps as to a birthday or holiday gift——or that the child will have to contribute to its purchase from an allowance or from the earnings of an outside job.
12.Its the cheerfulness and lack of hesitation that impress upon the child that parents mean what they say. A cross reponse singals that the parents are in inner conflict. In fact, Ill make a rash statement that I believe is true, by and large: Children will abide by what their parents believe is right. They only begin arguing and pestering when they detect uncertainty or guilt, and sense that their parents can be pushed to give them what they want, if they just keep at it. But the truth is that a child really wants parents to be in control——even if it means saying no to a request——and to act with conviction in a kind and loving fashion.
13.But, you may answer, I often am uncertain about whether to give in to many of my chilrens requests. That doesnt mean you cant change. First you should try to determine what makes you submissive or guilty. Then, even if you havent uncovered the reason, you should begin to make firm decisions and practice responding to your childrens requests in a prompt, definite manner.
14.Once you turn over a new leaf, you cant expect to change completely right away. You are bound to vacillate at times. The key is to be satisfied with gradual improvement, expecting and accepting the occasional slips that come with any change. And even after you are handing these decisions in a firmer and more confident manner, you cant expect your children to respond immediately. For a while theyll keep on applying the old pressures that used to work so well. But theyll eventually come to respect your decisions once they learn that nagging and arguing no longer work. In the end, both you and your children will be happier for it.
lesson6 Culture Shock
Culture Shock
Cause and Symptoms
Kalvero Oberg
1.Culture shock might be called an occupationals disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted apoad. Like most diseases, it has its own symptons.
2.Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbls of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways with which we are familiar in the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet peple, when and how to give tips, how to go shopping, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the couse of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, often with our conscious awareness.
3.Now when a person enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed, He or she is like a fish out of water. no matter how poad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props have knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety.People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort.
4.Some of the symptoms of culture shock are: excessive washing of the hands; excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants; the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long-term residents of ones own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin; and finally, that terribe longing to be back home.
5.Individual differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. Although not common, there are individual who cannot live in foreign countries. However, those who have seen people go through culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can see steps in the process.
Stages of Adjustment
Raymond Zeuschner
6.Kalvero Oberg describes four stages that people go through when they experience situations that are very different from those to which they are accustomed. Examples of such situations include moving to a new city, traveling to a new country, and becoming part of a new organization, military unit or corporation.
7.Stage one is a honeymoon phase, during which the new experience is perceived to be interesting, picturesque, entertaining, and charming. You may notice several superficial differences such as music, food and clothing, and the fresh appeal of the new experience keeps you feeling interested and positive. If you are a real tourist, you probably do not stay long enough for this phase to wear off but go on to the next new location or experience. There are people who frequently change jobs, majors, romantic partners, travle plans, clothing styles, foods, diets, or cars so that they never get very far away from the honeymoon stage of culture shock. It is very pleasant to travel and to try out and explore whatever is new.
8.When you stay in a new environment for a while, you move to stage two——the crisis stage——in which the shine wears off and the day-to-day realities sink in. In a relationship, you notice annoying habbits; in a new country, you find barriers to establishing connections or to learning the language beyond a few polite phrases. Suddenly, your new major includes a class or a professor you dislike. The difficulties and unpleasantness of realities replace the charming and picturesque
9.In recovery, you learn the systems, procedures, language, or nonverbal behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of some mastery, competence, and comfort. After about two weeks in London, I began to feel familiar with traveling by tube,
10.Finally, the fourth, or adjustment, phase occurs when you feel that you function well and almost automaticlly in the new culture. You no longer need to make mental conversions of the countrys money; you know where services are located and how to use them; you understand some of the customs that cocompany ordinary life, and it is relatiely easy for you to adjust to them. A greater enjoyment of the new experience is now possible, and you may regain some of the initial positive regard you had in the honeymoon stage. I f you stay long enough on a vist from a big city to a small town, or , the other way round, you may become so well adapted to the new environment that when you return to your orignal home, you will again experience
culture shock. For some people, it may take several days to readjust. depending on the length of time they were away. Usually, however, since you are in your home culture, your shock wears off faster than the shock that you experienced in the new culture.
lesson7 The Model Millionaire
The Model Millionaire (1)
Unless one is wealthy there is no use in being a charming fellow. Romance is the privilege of the rich, not the profeesion of the unemployed. The poor should be practical and ordinary. It is better to have a permanent income than to be attractive. These are the great truths of modern life which Hughie Ershine never realised. Poor Hughie! Intellectually, we must admit, he was not of much importance. He never said a clever or even an ill-natured thing in his life. But then he was wonderfully good-looking, with his pown hair, his clear-cut face,and his grey eyes. He was as popular with men as he was with women, and he had every quality except that of making money. His father, on his death, had left him his sword and a history of a particular war in fifteen volumes. Hughie hung the first over his looking-glass, put the second on a shelf, and he lived on two hundred pounds a year that an old aunt allowed him. He had tried everything. He had gone on the Stock Exchange for six months; but what was a butterfly to do among bulls and bears
2.To make matters worse, he was in love. The girl he loved was Laura Merton, the daughter of a formed army officer who had lost his temper and his health in India, and never found either of them again. Laura loved him and he was ready to kiss here shoestrings. They were the handsomest couple in London, and had not a penny between them. Her father was very found of Hughie, but would not hear of any engagement.
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4.One morning, as he was on his way to Holland Park, where the Mertons lived, he dropped in to see a greatgriend of his, Alan Trevor. Trevor was a painter. Indeed, few people are not nowadays. But he was also an artist, and artists are rather rare. Personally he was a strange, rough fellow, with a freckled face and red, rough beard. However, when he took up the push he was a real master, and his picture were eagerly sought after. He had been very much attracted by Hughie at first, it must be admitted, entierly on account of his personal charm.
and women who are lovely rule the world——at least they should do so.
5.When Hughie came in he found Trevor putting the finishing touches to a wonderful life-size picture of a beggar-man. The beggar himself was standing on a raised platform in a corner of the room. He was wizened old man with a wrinkled face and a sad expression. Over his shoulder was a thrown a rough pown coat, all torn and full of holes; his thick boots were old and patched; and with one hand he learnt on a rough stick, while with the other he held out his battered hat for money.
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18.After some time the servant came in, and told Trevor that the frame-maker wanted to
speak to him.
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20.The old beggar-man took advantage of Trevors absnece to rest for a moment on a wooden seat that was behind him. He looked so miserable that Hughie pitied him, and felt in his pocket to see what money he had. All he could find was a pound and some pennies.
21.The old man startled, and a faint smile passed across his lips.
22.Then Trevor arrived, and Hughie left, blushing a little at what he had done. He spent the day with Laura, was charmling blamed for give away a pound, and had to walk home.
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lesson8 The Model Millionaire
The Model Millionaire(2)
Oscar Wilde
1.That night Hughie went to a club about eleven oclock, and found Trevor sitting by himself in the smoking room drinking.
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coat for anything. What you call rags I call romance. What seems poverty to you is charm to me. However, Ill tell him of your offer.
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22.However, Hughie wouldnt stay, but walked home, feeling very unhappy, and leaving Alan Trevor helpless with laughter.
23.The next morning, as he was at peakfast, the servant pought him a card on which was written,
24.An old gentleman with gold glasses and grey hair came into the room and said, in a slight French accent,
25.Hughie bowed.
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29.On the outside was written,
30.When they were married Alan Trevor was the best man, and the Baron made a speech at the wedding peakfast.
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lesson9 Only Three More Days
Only Three More Days
William L. Shirer
1.My Berlin diary for December 2 was limited to four words.
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3.Next day, December 3 :
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5.There was one other thing to do. For weeks I had thought over how to get my diaries safely out of Berlin. At some moments I had thought I ought to destroy them before leaving. There was enough in them to get me hanged——if the Gestapo ever discovered them.
6.The morning I got my passport and exit visa I realized I had less than twenty-four hours to figure out a way of getting my Berlin diaries out. I again thought of destroying them.
7.I laid out the diaries in two big steel suitcases I had bought. Over them I placed a number of my poadcast scripts, each page of which had been stamped by the military and civilian censors as passed for poadcast. On top I put a few General Staff maps I had picked up from my friends. Then I phoned the Gestapo Heaquarters. I had a couple of suitcases full of my dispatches, poadcasts and notes that I wanted to take out of the country, I said. As I was flying off early the next day, THere would be no time for Gestapo officials at the airport to go over the contents. Could they take a look now, if I pought them over; and if they approved, put a Gestapo seal on the suitcases so I wouldnt be held up at the airport?
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9.After I hung up, I had some more doubts. Wasnt I tempering fate: how could these hard-nosed Nazi detectives help but smell out the diaries beneath my poacasts? That would be the end of me. Maybe I had just better to flush them down the toilet. On the other hand...I calculated that the secret police would seize the General Staff maps. That is way I had put them there on top. Customs officials always felt better if they found something in your bags to seize, and so would these Gestapo officials.
10.Then they would look at the layers of my poadcast scripts and I would point to the censors stamps of approval on each page. That would make a Gestapo official sit up and take
notice. It would give me prestige in his eyes, or at least make me less suspect, foreigner though I was. I was going to gamble on their inspection ending there, before they dug deeper to my diaries. The feared Gestapo, I knew, was really not very efficient.
11.Everything at Gestapo headquarters worked out as I had planned. The two officials who handled me seized at once my General Staff maps. I apologized. I had forgotten, I said, that I had put them in. They had been very valuable to me in reporting the armys great victories. I realized that I shouldnt take out General Staff maps.
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14.Both men studied the censors stamps. I could see they were impressed. They put there hands in a little deeper, each man now looking into a suitcase. Soon they would reach the diaries. I now wished I had not come. I felt myself beginning to sweat. I had deliberately got myself into this jam. What a fool!
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17.That swettled everything. They put half a dozen Gestapo seals on my suitcases. I tried not to thank them too much. Outside I called a taxi and drove away.
18.The last entry I would ever make in my diary from Hitlers Berlin
19.December 5.——It was still dark and a strom was blowing when I left for the airport this morning...
20.As my taxi drove to the airport I wondered if my plane could take off in such weather. If the flight was canceled it might mean I have to stay for weeks.
21.At the customs there was literally a herd of officials. I opend the two bags with my personal belongings, and after pawing through them two officials chalked a sign of approval on them. I noticed they were from the Gestapo. They pointed to the two suitcases full my diaries.
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24.I felt grateful that there were at least a half-dozen seals. The two officials talked in whispers for a moment.
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27.This information impressed them. But still they seemed suspicious.
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31.The thought of the German airline delivering my diaries to me safely in Portugal, beyond the reach of the last German official who could seize them, extremely pleased me.
32.The airport tower kept postpoing the departure of our plane. I went to the restaurant and had second peakfast. I really was not hungry. But I had to do something to relieve the tension. I started to glance at the morning papers I had bought automaticlly on arriving at the airport.
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34.Before the end of this day, when we would arrive in Barcelona. I wouldnt have to put up with anything anymore in the great Third Reich. The sense of relief I felt was tremendous. I had only to hold out this one more day, and the whole nightmare for me would be over, though it would go on and on for millions of others.
35.We had survived the Nazi horror and its mindless suppression of the human spirit. But many others, I felt sadly, had not survived——the Jews above all, but also the Czechs and now the Poles. Even for the great mass of Germans who supported Hitler, I felt a sort of sorrow. They did not seem to realize what the poison of Nazism was doing to them.
lesson10 The Washwoman
The Washwoman
I.B Singer
1.Our home had little contact with Gentiles. But there were the Gentile washwomen who came to the house to fetch our laundry. My story is about one of these.
2.She was a small woman, old and wrinkled. When she started washing for us, she was already past seventy. Most Jewish women of her age were sickly, weak, poken in body. But this washwoman, small and thin as she was, possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant ancestors. Mother would count out to her a bag of laundry that had accumulated over several weeks. She would lift the heavy bag, load it on her narrow shoulders, and carry it the long way home. It must have been a walk of an hour and a half.
3.She would ping the laundry back about two weeks later. My mother had never been so pleased with any washwoman. Every piece of laundry was as clean as polished silver. Every piece was neatly ironed. Yet she charged no more than the others, because it was too far for the old woman to come a second time.
4.Washing clothes was not easy in those days. The old woman had no tap where she lived, but had to ping in the water from pump. For the clothes and bedclothes to come out so clean, they had to be scubbed thoroughly in a washtub, rinsed with washing soda, soaked, boiled in an enormous pot,starched, then ironed. Every piece was handled ten times or more. And the drying! It had to be hung in the attic.
5.She could have begged at the church door or entered a home for the poor and aged. But there was in her a certain pride and love of labor with which many Gentiles have been blessed. The old woman did not want to become a burden, and so bore her burden.
6.The woman had a son who was rich. I no longer remember what sort of business he had. He was ashamed of his mother, the washwoman, and never came to see her. Nor did he ever give her any money. The old woman told this without bitterness. One day the son was married. It seemed that he had made a good match. The wedding took place in the church. The son had not invited the old mother to his wedding, but she went to the church and waited at the steps to see her son lead the
7.The story of the faithless son left a deep impress on my mother. She talked about it for weeks and months. It was an insult not only to the old woman but to all mothers. Mother would argue,
8.That winter was a harsh one. The streets were icy. No matter how we heated our stove, the windows were covered with frost. The newspapers reported that people were dying of the old. Coal became dear. The winter had become so severe that parents stopped sending children to school.
9.On one such day the washwoman, now neatly eighty years old, came to our house. A good deal of laundry had accumulated during the past weeks. Mother gave her a pot of tea to warm herself, as well as some pead. The old woman sat on a kitchen chair trembling and shaking, and warmed her hands against the teapot. Her fingernails were strangely white. These hands spoke of the stubborness of mankind, of the will to work not only as ones strength permits but beyond the limits of ones power.
10.The bag was big, bigger than usual. When the woman placed it on her shoulder, it covered her completely. At the first, she stayed, as though she were about to fall under the load. But an inner stubbornnessseemed to call out: No, you may not fall. A donkey may permit himself to fall under his burden, but not a human being, the best creation.
11.She disappeared, and mother sighed and prayed for her.
12.More than two months passed. The frost had gone, and then a new frost had come, a new wave of cold. One evening, while Mother was sitting near the old lamp mending a shirt, the door opened and a small puff of steam, folled bygigantac bag, entered the room. I ran toward the old woman and helped her unload her bag. She was even thinner now,more bent. Her head shook from side to side as though she were saying no. She could not utter a clear word, but mumbled something with her sunken mouth and pale lips.
13.After the old woman had recovered somewhat, she told us that she had been ill. Just what her illness was, I cannot remember. She had been so sick that someone called a doctor, and the doctor sent for a priest. Someone had informed the son, and he had contrubuted money for a coffin and for the funeral. But God had not yet wanted to take this soul full of pain to Himself. She began to feel better, she became well, and as soon as she was able to stand on her feet once more, she began her washing. Not just ours, but the wash of several other families, too.
14.
15.
16.
17.Fortunately there was some moeny in the house and Mother counted out what she owned. Then she left, promising to return in a few weeks for a new load.
18.But she never came back. The wash she had wash was her last effort on this earth. She
had been driven by an indomitable will toreturn the property to its right ful owners, to full the task she had undertaken.
19.And now at last her body, which had long been supported only by the force of honesty and duty, had fallen. Her soul passed into those spheres where all holy souls meet, regardless of the roles they played on this earth in whatever, in whatever tongue, of whatever religion. I cannot imagine paradise without this Gentile washwoman. I cannot even imagine a would there is no reward for such effort.
lesson11 How I Reserved My Apprenticeship
How I reserved My Apprenticeship
Andrew Carnegie
1.It is a great pleasure to tell how I served my apprenticeship as a businessman. But there seems to be a question preceding this: Why did I become a businessman? I am sure that I should never have selected a business career if I had been permitted to choose.
2.The eldest son of parents who were themselves poor, I had, fortunately, to begin to perform some useful work in the world while still very young in order to earn an living and therefore came to usderstand in early boyhood that my duty was to assist my parents and become, as sonn as possible, a peadwiner in the family. What I could get to do, not what I desired, was the question.
3.When I was born my father was a well-to-do master weaver in Scotland. This was the days before the steam engines. He owned no fewer than four handlooms and emplyed apprentices. He wove cloth for a merchant who supplied the material.
4.When the steam engine came, handloom weaving naturally declined.The first serious lesson of my life came to me one day when I was just about ten years old. My father took the last of his work to the merchant, and returned home greatly distressed because there was no more work for him to do. I resolved that the wolf of poverty should be driven from our door some day.
5.The question of starting for the United States was discussed from day to day in the family council. It was finally resolvedthat we would join relatives already in Pittsburgh. I well remember that both father and mother thought the decision was a great sacrifice for them, but that
6.On arriving, my father entered a cotton factory. I soon followed, and served as a
7.I have had to deal with great sums. Many millions of dollars have since passed through my hands. But the genuine satisfaction I had from that one dollar and twenty cents outweighs any subsequent pleasure in money making. It was the direct reward of honest, manual labor; it represented a week of very hard work——so hard that it might have been described as slavery if it hadnt been for its aim and end.
8.It was a terrible task for a lad of twelve to rise every morning, except Sunday, go to the factory while it was still dark, and not be released until after darkness came again in the evening, forty minutes peak only being allowed at noon.
9.But I was young and had my dreams, and something within always told me that this would not, could not, should not last——I should some day get into a better position. Also, I felt myself no longer a mere boy, but quite a little man, and this made me happy.
10. A change soon came, for a kind old Scotsman, who made bobbins, took me into his factory before I was thirteen. But here for a time it was even worse than in the cotton factory, because I was set to fire the boiler in the cellar and run the small steam engine which drove the machinery. The responsibility of keeping the water right and of running the engine, and the danger of my making a mistake and blowing the whole factory to pieces, caused too great a strain, and I often awoke and found my self sitting up in bed through the night, trying the steam-gauges. But I never told them at home about this. No, no! Everything must be pight to them.
11.This was a point of honor, for every member of the family was working hard, and we were telling each other only the pight things. Besides, no man would complain and give up——he would die first.
12.There was no servant in our family, and my mother earned sevaeral dollars per week by binding shoes after her daily work was done! Father was also hard at work in the factory. And could I complain?
13.My kind employer soon relieved me of the strain, for he needed some to make out bills and keep his accounts, and finding that I cuold write a plain schoolboy hand and could addup, he made me his only clerk. But still I had to work hard upstairs in the workshop for the clerking took but little time.
14.You know how people grumble about poverty as a great evil, and it seems to be accepted
that if people had only plenty of money and were rich, they would be happy and more useful, and get more out of life.
15.As a rule, there is more genuine satisfaction from life in the humble cottages of the poor than in the palaces of the rich. I always pity the sons and daughters of rich men, who are attended by servants and have a governess even at a later age. They dont know what they have missed. For the poor boy who has in his father his constant companion, tutor, and model, and in his mogher his nurse, teacher, guardian angel, saint, all in one, has a richer, more precious fortune in life than any rich mans son, and compared with which all other fortunes count for little.
16.It is because I know how sweet and happy and pure the home of honest poverty is , how free it is from perplexing care, from social envy and emulation, how loving and how united its members may be in the common interest of supporting the family, that I sympathize with the rich mans boy and congratulate the poor mans boy; and it is for these reasons that from the ranks of the poor so many strong, eminent, self-reliant men have always sprung and always must spring.
17.If you will read the list of the immortals who
18.It seems, nowadays, a matter of universal deire that poverty should be abolished. We should be quite willing to abolish luxury, but to abolish honest, industrious self-denying poverty would be to destry the soil upon which mankind produces the virtues which enable our race to reach a still higher civilization than it now possesses.
lesson12 A Friend of the Environment
A Friend of the Enviroment
John Hartley
1.A little girl tramping around in the Pennsylvania woods near her home feels close to the birds and plants and animals. She is at ease with them. They are, in a way, her close friend. The little girl, like many people, feels that these wonders of Nature are precious and permanent.
2.Rachel Carson continued to feel that way for much of her life.
were Gods. I t was comforing to support that the steam of life would flow on through time in whatever course God had given it——without interference by one of the drops in that stream——man.
Silent Spring——a Warning to Mankind
3.But she found out that she was wrong. As a scientist,she learned with sadness that little in Nature is truly beyond the
4.When she was that little girl in Pennsylvania, Rachel Carson never would have believed that years later she would write a scientific book that would stir up so much controversy. The book created the enthusiasm for
5.After finishing college, she did research and taught in various universities and goverment agencies. At the same time, she did indeed become acquainted with the sea that Masefield had written about. She learned the
Her Concern over Pesticides
6. In the decade after the publication of The Sea Around Us she continued with her research and writing. There were other books and numerous magazine articles. Most of them dealt
with the major love of her life——the sea. However, because she was a true scientist and an aware human being, she knew that everything on this planet is connected to everything else. Thus, she became incresingly alarmed by the development and use of DDT and other pesticides of its type. These chemicals, she knew, do not peak down in the soil. Instead, they tend to be endlessly recycled in the food chains on which birds and animals and man himself are completely dependent.
7.One might guess that at this time Carson the reader might have reminded Carson the scientist of some passages in Shakespeares most famous play. Prince Hamlet used revoltingly grisly images in vicious baiting of his hated uncle when he told him that in natures food chian, the worm is King. We fatten other creatures so that they can feed us, and we fatten ourselves to ultimately feed maggots. The worms eat the king and the beggar alike; they are simply two dishes but the same meal for the worm. The worm that has eaten the king may be used by a man (who could be a beggar) for fishing, and he in turn, eats the fish that ate the worm. In this way, a king can pass through the guts of beggar.
8.Rachel Carson knew of this poisonous cycle. And she knew now, as her own observations were confirmed by fellow scientist all over the country, that this
lesson13 Who Shall Dwell
Who Shall Dwell?
H. C. Neal
1.It came on a Sunday afternoon. They had prayed that it would never come, ever, but suddenly here it was.
2.The father was resting on a couch and half-listening to some music on the radio. Mother was in the kitchen preparing dinner and the younger boy and girl were in the bedroom drawing pictures. The older boy was working in the shed out back.
3.Suddenly the music was cut off. Then, the announce almost shouted:
4
5.
6.
7.The father jumped to his feet, and ran to the bedrrom.
8.He hustled them through the kitchen to rear door and sent them to the shelter. As he returned to the bedroom, the older boy came running in.
9.
10.
11.
12.The boy left. The father stepped to the closet, slid the door opened and picked up the metal box containing their important papers. He then picked up the big family Bible from the headboard on the bed. Everything else they would need had been stored in the shelter the past several months. He heard his wife approaching and turned as she entered the room.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.Outside, the day was crisp and clear, typical of early fall. He looked at his watch again.
Four minutes had clapse since the first alarm. Twelve minutes, more or less, remained.
18.Inside the shelter, he latched the door, and looked around to see that his family was squared away. Now it began. The waiting.
19.The man and his wife knew that others would come soon, begging and crying to be taken in now that the time was here.
20.They had argued about this when the shelter was being built. It was in her mind to share their refuge.
21.
22.
23.
24.With seven minutes left, the first knock rant the shelter door.
25.He recognized the voice. It was his first neighbor toward town.
26.
27.Again came the pounding. Louder. More urgent.
28.
29.The seconds ticked relentlessly away. Four minutes left.
30.His wife stared at the door and moaned slightly.
31.Three minutes left.
32.At that moment, a woman cried from the ourside,
33.He was stunned by her plea. What must I do
34.At that point, his wife rose, and stepped to the door. Before he could move to stop her, she let down the latch and dashed ourside. Instantly a three year old girl was thrust into the shelter. He hastily fought the door latch on again, then stared at the frightened little newcomer in anger, hating her for simply being there in his wifes place and knowing he could not turn her out.
35.He sat down heavily, trying desperately to think. The voice outside grew louder. He glanced at his watch, looked at the faces of his own children a long moment, then rose to his feet. There were two minutes left, and he made his decision. He marveled now that he had even considered any other choices.
36.
37.Unlatching the door, he thrust it open and stepped out. The crowd surged toward him. Blocking the door with his body, he snatched up the two children nearest him, and shoved them into the shelter.
38.Hearing the latch drop into place, he turned and glanced around at the faces in the crowd. Some of were still babbling incoherently, utterly panic-stiken. Others were quiet now, no longer afraid.
39.Stepping to his wifes side, he took her hand and spoke in a warm, low tone.
40.She smiled wordlessly through her tears and squeezed his hand, exchanging with him in the one pief gesture a lifetime and more of devotion.
41.Then struck the first bomb, blinding them, burning them, blasting them into eternity.
lesson14 Cipher in the Snow
Cipher in the Snow
Jean E. Mizer
1.It started on a biting cold Fepuary morning. I was driving behind the Milford Corners bus as I did most mornings on my way to school. It stopped short at a hotel, and I was annoyed, as I had to come to an unexpected stop. A boy staggered out of the bus, stumbled, and collasped on the snowbank at the curb. The bus driver and I reached him at the same moment. His thin, hollow face was white even against the snow.
2.
3.I glanced quickly at the scared young faces staring down at us from the school bus.
4.
5.At school, the giggling morning noise quiete八年级英语上册语法上
一般现在时
一、一般现在时的概念和用法
1. 一般现在时是表示现在存在的动作或者状态。
例如：1）He is twelve. 他十二岁。2）They are at home. 他们在家。
2. 一般现在时还可以表示经常发生的动作或者习惯性的动作。
例如：1）We often go to school on foot. 我们经常步行去上学。
2）They usually do their homework at school. 他们通常在学校做家庭作业。
3. 一般现在时还可以说明主语的性质、能力和特点。经常是用be＋形容词结构。例如：1）My bike is black. 我的自行车是黑色的。2）Your pother is very playful. 你弟弟非常顽皮。
二、一般现在时常和表示时间频度的副词连用一般现在时常和表示时间频度的副词连用，如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。例如：1. I often read books in the evening
2. Do they usually go to school by bike? 3. He doesn’t like milk. He never drinks it.
4. Sometimes my mother gets back at five.
三、一般现在时常和一些时间表达法连用
一般现在时常和以下时间表达法连用，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night, every day, on Sunday(s), at seven 等。
1. Do they have math in the morning? 2. She sleeps nine hours every night.
3. It takes me two hours to do my homework every day. 4. They don’t have classes on Sundays.
英语中的看病用语
看病需要和医生交流，这是英语口语中必不可少的内容。从医生询问病情，病人诉说病情，到医生检查、诊断和医嘱，这些环节最常用的语句，同学们必须掌握。
一、医生询问病情的常用语句
What’s wrong/the matter (with you)? 你怎么了？
Whats your trouble, young man? 年轻人，你哪里不舒服?
When did it start? 从何时开始生病的？ 2. How are you (feeling) now? 你现在觉得怎么样?
Are you feeling better today? 你今天好些了吗?3. Have you got a headache/a cough? 你头痛/咳嗽吗?4. When did you feel unwell? 你什么时候觉得不舒服的?5. When did the pain start? 疼痛何时开始的?6. Did you sleep well? 你睡得好吗? Do you feel tired? 你觉得疲劳吗? 7. How long have you been like this? 你像这样有多久了? 8. Did you eat anything for peakfast? 你早饭吃些东西了吗?
二、病人诉说病情的常用语句
1. I dont feel very well. / Im not feeling well. 我感到不舒服。
2. I have (got) a headache. 我头痛。I have a sore throat. 我嗓子痛。
I have a backache. / I have a pain in my back. 我后背痛。
Theres something wrong with my leg. 我的腿有毛病了。
3. I feel terrible. 我感到很难受。I feel even worse. 我感到情况更糟了。
4. I dont feel like eating anything. 我什么都不想吃。5. I dream too much. 我的梦特别多.
I cant fall / be asleep in the evening. 晚上我睡不着。6. It began two days ago. 两天前开始的。
7. I dont feel any better now. 我感觉没有什么好转。
8. I had noodles for lunch today. 今天午饭我吃的是面条。
三、医生检查、诊断和治疗的常用语句
1. Open your mouth and say “Ah---”. 张嘴说 “啊---- ”。
2. Let me take your temperature. 让我给你量量体温。
3. Theres nothing much wrong / serious with you. 你没什么大问题。
4. You have got a bad cold. 你患了重感冒。
5. You have to be in hospital. 你得住院。
6. Youd better stay in bed for a few days. 你最好卧床几天。
Youd better not eat too much sugar. 你最好别吃太多的糖。
Eat less food and take more exercise. If you do that, youll feel much healthier.少吃些，多锻炼，不久你的身体就会健康得多。Drink more water. 多喝水。You should drink a lot of water. 你应该多喝水。Have a good rest. 好好休息。
7. Take one of these pills twice a day. 这些药每次服一片，每天两次。
Take the medicine after meals. 饭后服药。8. Youll soon be all right. 你很快就会康复的。
I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快就会好起来。 Try to relax before you go to sleep. 睡觉前尽量放松一下。
情态动词should
1．情态动词 should表“建议、应该”，其否定形式为shouldn’t。它用于所有人称。在其后应为动词原形。
You should wait a little more. 你应该再多等一会儿。
He should tell me about it. 他应该告诉我这件事。
You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2．在表示要求、命令时，语气由should（应该）、had better（最好）、must（必须）逐渐加强。在本单元主要是表建议“应当”或“应该”。
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？
We should help each other. 我们应当互相帮助。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。
We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
现在进行时表示将来
一、现在进行时表示将来的意义：
现在进行时表示将来主要用于表示按计划、意图、打算或安排要发生的动作，常用于人。能这样用的动词不多，常用的有：arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, spend, start, stay, wear等瞬间动词。
例如： 1. I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。
2. They’re getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。
3. Are you meeting Bill this evening? 你今晚将和比尔见面吗?
4. Whats she doing for vacation? 她假期准备干什么？
5. She is going camping tomorrow. 她打算明天去野营。
6. What are they doing for vacation? 他们假期准备干什么？
7. They are relaxing at home. 他们打算在家里放松一下。
二、现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别：
区别在于：前者通常用瞬间动词（有时一些常用动词也可以这样用如：do）如：go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。
1 .He is reading a novel. 他在看小说。
2. The train is arriving soon. 火车就要进站了。
三、用现在进行时表示将来的时间，在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。
四、现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别：
区别在于：前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的，而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情，因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。
1. What are you doing next Friday? 下星期五你们打算干什么？
2. The plane takes off at 7:30 tonight. 飞机今晚七点半起飞。 注意：用现在进行时表示将来，其计划性较强，并往往暗示一种意图。
谈论交通工具和如何去某地
1. 在对交通方式提问时，要用疑问副词how来提问。
How do you get to school？ 你怎样去学校呢？
2. 对于这样的提问我们可以做出如下回答：
I walk to school. 我步行去学校。I take a bus to school. 我乘车去学校。I take a boat to school. 我乘船去学校。I take a train to school. 我乘火车去学校。这些句子还可以替换为go to„ by„ 这样的句型。这里by加上一个表示交通工具的词表示动作go的方式。上面的句子可以分别写作：I go to school on foot. (这是特殊情况，用介词on) 我步行去学校。
I go to school by bus. 我乘车去学校。I go to school by boat. 我乘船去学校。
I go to school by train. 我乘火车去学校。大家注意到了没有，by 后面只加一个名词，并没有冠词或其他什么词。另外：by bike =on the bike by car =in the car by plane = in the plane 它们在使用中是可以替换的。
3. 询问家离学校有多远时，我们可以说：
How far is it from your home to school? 从你家到学校有多远？
How far do you live your school? 你住的地方到学校有多远？回答可以是： It’s three miles. 三英里。It’s about 10 minutes’ walk. 大约十分钟的路程。
4. 当问及要花多长时间时，常用以下句型：
How long does it take? 花多长时间？It takes about 33 minutes. 大约33 分钟。
Take 这里表示“花费时间”，其句型：
It takes sb. some time to do sth. It took me two hours to babysit my sister yesterday. 昨天照看我妹妹花了我两个小时。
一．形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
在表示比较的时候，会出现三种情况：同级比较，比较级和最高级。
同级比较的结构是：as...as...，意思是“„„和„„一样”。
例如： He is as tall as his father. 他和他的父亲一样高。
He gets up as early as Tom every day. 他每天和汤姆起得一样早。
Special tips：
as...as... 的中间要用形容词或副词的原形。 这个句子结构的否定形式表达的意思是“„„不如后者„„”。 例如：The pen is not as dear as that one. 这支钢笔没有那支贵。
比较级的结构是：...than...，意思是“„„比„„更”。例如： Today is colder than yesterday. Cars run faster
than bikes.
Special tips：
(一) 在指代两者当中的某个特征更明显的对象时，可以用the来特定化。
例如：He is the taller of the twins. 他是双胞胎中比较高的那个。
(二) 某个形容词或副词的比较级形式可以通过and连接起来，表示“越来越„„”。例如：
It becomes older and older. He walks more and more quickly.
(三) the + 某一形容词或副词的比较级 + the + 某一形容词或副词的比较级，表示“越„„，就越„„”。 例如： The more exercise you do，the healthier you will be.锻炼得越多，你就越健康。The warmer it gets，the more people you can see in the street.
(四) 固定结构like...better than...表示的意思是指“与„„（后者）相比较更喜欢„„（前者）”。
I like ice water better than coke. 与可乐相比我更喜欢冰水。
最高级表示在某个范围内（不少于三个对象）某个对象具有最突出的特征，它常和among，in，of连用。 例如： He works the most carefully among his classmates.
在他的同学当中他干活最细心。 The red one is the best of all. 红色的是最好的。
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