大学四级写作复习资料
常见的举例模式：
主题句----example 1 ；--example 2； ----example 3
列举时常用 for example, for instance, such as, like, thus, takeas an example, to illustrate a case in point 等词语.
2. 列举法
在使用列举法时，考生要注意：一，所列举的各个要点最好按照递增或递减的顺序进行有层次的排列。二，所列举的要点应该服务于一个中心思想。各要点必须相互独立，相互区别。
列举法常用的连词有：first， firstly， in the first place, fist of all, in the biginning, to begin with，to start with，second，third, most of all， next，moreover， in addition，besides，furthermore, last, lastly, finally, eventually, last but not least, for one thing...for another...等。
3. 分类法
把同一主题对系那个划分为各个组成部分，或把众多的观点按照器共性归类，然后在依次展开各个部分。在分类的时候要注意各类别之间的逻辑关系，分类标准要明确，不要出现重叠现象。
分类法常用的表达有：divide...into, fall into, be calssified , there are...kinds, first, sencond, last, also, again, besides, moreover, whats more, furthermore, inaddition, most important, finally 等。
4. 因果分析法
在段落一开头，就用主题句点明其因果关系，然后选用有关材料，客观的罗列某些原因或结果，以阐述中心思想。
不管是从因到果还是从果到因，基本要求都一样：主题句必须明确，展开句必须对主题起加强作用。
因果分析法常用表达有: because of, so, owing to, thanks to, thus, as a result of, hence, for this reason, consequently, is caused by, lead to, result in， since, as, for, due to, owing to, on account of,
in view of, contribute to, therefore, so, thus, accordingly, as consequence, in consequence of, as a result, result from 等。
5.比较法
主题句必须明确表明所要比较的对象和所要比较的范围，实际上就是罗列两个或两个以上比较对象的`相同点或不同点。在采用比较法时，要注意句子的过渡。
常用语汇：at the same time, similar to, accordingly, both, show a degree of similarity, similarly, the same as, and too, in the same way, in a like manner； likewise, as, in comparison with, by contrast, conversely, defferently, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, but, however, yet, whereas, while 等。
6. 叙述法
叙述是指清楚交代所述事件发生的事件、地点、人物、原因等，是一种十分有效的拓展方法。
用于描述事件顺序的常用表达有：soon, then, after a while, toward the end of..., in the past, in the first year/decade 等。
用于描述空间顺序的常用表达有：beyond, above, under, nearby, outside, in, between, next to, on the top of, in front of, across, close to, on/from the left/right, ahead of, behind, on, opposite to, in the south, on either side of 等。